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Glossary
Additive-Mixture System – See Light-Mixture System
Baby Boomer – A member of the larger than expected generation in United States born
between 1946 and 1964.
Behavioral Style – How a person reacts in work-related situations; i.e., how he/she solves problems, approaches challenges, influences others, manages information and adapts to change.
Carbamide Peroxide – A bleaching agent, also known as urea peroxide, that is equivalent to about 3% hydrogen peroxide.
Cephalometric Analysis – The evaluation of dental and
skeletal relationships by measurements obtained most commonly from
cephalometric radiographs and tracings. Refers also to the standardized
sets of cephalometric measurements commonly used in the evaluation.
Chroma – The quality of color by which a strong color is distinguished from a weak one; the degree of departure of a color sensation from that of white or gray; the intensity of a distinctive hue; color intensity.
CIELAB Color System – A 3-dimensional color system in which L* refers to brightness (0 to 100), a* represents red (+a*) vs. green (-a*), and b* indicates yellow (+b*) vs. blue (-b*). When a* and b* are zero, the L value represents the continuum of black to white.
Color – That aspect of things that is caused by differing qualities of the light reflected or emitted by them.
Colorimeter – An optical device that measures CIE colorimetric coordinates, or color values.
Color Rendering Index (CRI) – A numerical system that rates the "color-rendering" ability of a fluorescent light in comparison with natural daylight (CRI of 100).
Color Temperature – Color temperature is a simplified way to describe the spectral properties of a light source. Light sources with low color temperatures create a warm feeling whereas those with high color temperatures create a cool feeling. The standard unit is Kelvin (K).
Color Wheel or Circle – The arrangement of the primary and secondary colors in the form of a wheel. It is produced by bending the spectrum of light into a circle.
Complementary Colors – Colors directly opposite each other on the color wheel.
Complete Dentures – A removable dental
prosthesis that replaces the entire dentition and associated structures
of the maxillae or mandible. Also known as full dentures.
Cosmetic Dentistry – See Esthetic Dentistry
Custom Tray – An individualized impression tray made
from a cast recovered from a preliminary impression. It is used for
making the final impression or it is used as a carrier for dental
products such as whitening agents.
Dental Arch – The bony ridge of either jaw containing the teeth.
Dental Implant – A metal shaft placed
surgically in the mandibular or maxillary bone. A prosthetic tooth is
affixed to the shaft, providing a fixed replacement for a lost tooth.
Dental Midline – In a normal dentition, the most forward center of the upper or lower dental arch demarcating the mirror image of one side from the other.
Dentifrice – A substance, such as a paste or powder, for cleaning the teeth.
Dentition – Collectively refers to all the teeth within the mouth.
Diastema – A gap or space between two teeth.
Digital Imaging System – A system comprised of a high-end digital camera, appropriate lighting system, calibration method, and computer to objectively assess tooth color.
Esthetic Dentistry – A set of dental procedures aimed at improving the appearance of the smile.
Extrinsic Whitening – Treatments that control
discoloration on the surface of tooth enamel through chemical or
physical action.
Fixed Partial Denture – A prosthetic device replacing
one or more missing teeth that is cemented or attached to the abutment
teeth or implant abutments adjacent to the space. Also referred to as a
bridge.
Golden Proportion – A principle that there is a universal recognition of pleasant proportion. The ratio of 1 to 0.618 is the simplest form of the universally acclaimed Golden Proportion.
Hue – The quality by which we distinguish one color family from another; the family name applied to a group of colors. For example, R = Red.
Hydrogen Peroxide – A compound used as an oxidizing and bleaching agent.
In-Office Whitening – The use of a high concentration of hydrogen peroxide to obtain a change in tooth color in a relatively short time. This procedure is performed in the
office by dental professionals.
Light – Electromagnetic radiation that has a wavelength in the range from about 400 to about 760 nanometers and may be perceived by the normal unaided human eye.
Light-Mixture System –
Also known as the Additive-Mixture System. The term used to describe the
mixing of two of the light-mixture primary colors (red, green and blue),
and it applies only to combining lights and illuminants.
Macroabrasion – The removal of localized
discolored enamel defects using a fine 12-fluted carbide bur or diamond
finishing instrument.
Microabrasion – The abrasion of a stained or
defective area of a tooth by some physical method.
Munsell Color System – A widely used visual color
order system based on the three dimensions of color: hue, value and
chroma.
Non-Vital Bleaching – Refers to bleaching of teeth
that have been endodontically treated.
Orthodontics – The branch of dentistry that
specializes in the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of dental and
facial irregularities.
Physical Attractiveness Phenomenon – The relationship between physical attractiveness and social values. In this theory, Dr. Patzer proposes that appearance is a value that can be an asset or liability.
Pigment-Mixture System – Also known as the Subtractive-Mixture System. The term used to describe the mixing of two of the subtractive primary colors (yellow, cyan and magenta).
It is normally used in the painting and printing industry.
Primary Colors – Three large bands of color (red, green and blue) that are observed in the visible light spectrum. They can be combined to make all the other spectral colors but cannot be produced by mixing of other colored lights. They are also known as the light-mixture primary colors.
Retainer – Appliance to stabilize teeth following
orthodontic treatment.
Secondary Colors – The result of mixing two of the light-mixture primary colors. For example, mixing red and green produces yellow. The other secondary colors are cyan, which is formed by combining green and blue, and magenta, which is produced by mixing red and blue.
Shade Guides – Examples of the various color combinations available from manufacturers of denture teeth, restorative resins, and porcelain.
Smile Line – An imaginary line running along the occlusal/incisal edges of the maxillary teeth shown during a wide smile.
Sodium Hexametaphosphate – An ingredient used in certain dentifrice formulations to chemically control extrinsic stain.
Spectrophotometer – Anoptical device that measures spectral reflectance data as a function of wavelength (visible light, 380-720 nanometers).
Spectroradiometer – Anoptical device that measures reflected light.
Standard Daylight – Northern-exposure sunlight in the middle portion of a day that is slightly overcast. Standard daylight is considered the optimal light source.
Stock Tray – A pre-fabricated tray made of
plastic or metal that will fit most dentitions, and it is used to make
an impression or used as a carrier for a dental product; i.e., bleaching
material. Unlike a custom tray, it is not designed from an impression of
the patient's dentition.
Subtractive-Mixture System –See Pigment-Mixture System
Tray-Based Whitening – A whitening system whereby the patient puts bleaching gel in a tray , which is worn during the day or overnight for treatment. A tray is formed from the
stone cast of the patient's dentition. The patient dispenses a bleaching gel in the custom tray to be worn anywhere from 30 minutes to overnight.
Value – The quality by which a light color is distinguished from a dark one. In other words, a colorless distinction.
Veneer – A thin, custom-made, tooth-colored material,
usually made from porcelain or resin composite materials, attached to
the tooth surface to improve the appearance of the tooth.
Vital Bleaching – Bleaching of teeth that have live
nerve tissue in them.
Whitening Strips – A product that delivers a uniform amount of hydrogen peroxide bleaching gel via flexible polyethylene strips. The strip serves as a delivery vehicle and as an in-use barrier, limiting contact of the bleaching gel with the lip, and inhibiting salivary dilution.
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